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<title>Work-integrated learning</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Work-integrated learning</span></span>

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<p><b>Work-integrated learning</b> (WIL) provides students with the opportunity to apply their learning from academic studies to relevant experiences and reciprocate learning back to their studies.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WIL is an umbrella term;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> opportunities exist in various formats both on-campus and off-campus. Although WIL shares some of the same offerings as <a href="Work-based_learning" title="Work-based learning">work-based learning</a> (WBL), it is distinct in that WIL is part of school curriculum and often guided by learning objectives, while WBL is primarily grounded in the workplace and not necessarily connected to academic studies.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WIL opportunities include but are not limited to: <a href="Apprenticeship" title="Apprenticeship">apprenticeships</a>, field experience, mandatory professional practice, <a href="Cooperative_education" title="Cooperative education">co-operative education</a>, <a href="Internship" title="Internship">internships</a>, applied research projects, and <a href="Service-learning" title="Service-learning">service learning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Canada, WIL is defined by 9 types of experiential learning: (1) Co-op Work Term, (2) Internship, (3) Clinical Placement, (4) Field Placement, (5) Apprenticeship, (6) Applied Research, (7) Entrepreneurship, (8) Service Learning, and (9) Work Experience.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.cewilcanada.ca/CEWIL/About%20Us/Work-Integrated-Learning/CEWIL/About-Us/Work-Integrated-Learning.aspx?hkey=ed772be2-00d0-46cd-a5b8-873000a18b41">[1]</a>

</p><p>WIL is found to offer career, academic, and personal benefits in addition to benefits for employers and the academic institutions they are part of.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence links WIL to high levels of <a href="Self-efficacy" title="Self-efficacy">self-efficacy</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and strong professional networks<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is a strong determinant of graduate employability. Students who participate in WIL are employment ready and may fare better in their job search and the transition from school to full-time employment.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The benefits of WIL have made this programming popular in the post-secondary environment, with research from around the world, including Australia, Canada.

</p><p>Numerous stakeholders are involved in WIL, including members of industry, students, administration, faculty, and in some instances, government. Due to the broad range of both categories and stakeholders, challenges exist in addition to the benefits of WIL. Power, equity, cost, and measurability have been flagged as areas of concern across WIL practices.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite these concerns, WIL continues to experience growth and international attention.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFCooper,_Lesley.2010" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Lesley. (2010). <i>Work Integrated Learning : a Guide to Effective Practice</i>. Orrell, Janice., Bowden, Margaret. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-203-85450-1</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/609858835">609858835</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The WIL (work integrated learning) report : a national scoping study</i>. Patrick, Carol-joy., Australian Learning & Teaching Council. [Brisbane, Qld.]: Queensland University of Technology, Dept. of Teaching and Learning Support Services. 2009. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-74107-254-9</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/712112745">712112745</a>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCooper,_Lesley.2010" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Lesley. (2010). <i>Work Integrated Learning : a Guide to Effective Practice</i>. Orrell, Janice., Bowden, Margaret. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-203-85450-1</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/609858835">609858835</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Turcotte, J.F., Nichols, L., Philipps, L. (2016) Maximizing Opportunity, Mitigating Risk: Aligning Law, Policy and Practice to Strengthen Work-Integrated Learning in Ontario Toronto: Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zegwaard, K. (2014). Work integrated learning. In S. Ferns (Ed.), Work Integrated Learning in the Curriculum (pp. 1-6). Milperra, N.S.W. Australia: HERDSA.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFreudenbergCameronBrimble2011" class="citation journal cs1">Freudenberg, Brett; Cameron, Craig; Brimble, Mark (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/cgp/v17i10/58816">"The Importance of Self: Developing Students' Self Efficacy Through Work Integrated Learning"</a></span>. <i>The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review</i>. <b>17</b> (10): <span class="nowrap">479–</span>496. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18848%2F1447-9494%2Fcgp%2Fv17i10%2F58816">10.18848/1447-9494/cgp/v17i10/58816</a>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10072%2F35742">10072/35742</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1447-9494">1447-9494</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142777035">142777035</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson,_Georgina.2016" class="citation book cs1">Atkinson, Georgina. (2016). <i>Work-Based Learning and Work-Integrated Learning : Fostering Engagement with Employers</i>. National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) (Australia). [Place of publication not identified]. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-925173-59-8</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1066667378">1066667378</a>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2015" class="citation journal cs1">Jackson, Denise (2015-02-07). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ro.ecu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1666&context=ecuworks2013">"Employability skill development in work-integrated learning: Barriers and best practice"</a></span>. <i>Studies in Higher Education</i>. <b>40</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">350–</span>367. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03075079.2013.842221">10.1080/03075079.2013.842221</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-5079">0307-5079</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54910979">54910979</a>.</cite></span>

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